Avoid Saturated and Trans Fats
Foods containing hydrogenated vegetable oils and trans fats raise LDL cholesterol (i.e., bad cholesterol), lower good HDL cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease, even in well-conditioned athletes. Instead, athletes should choose healthy fats such as nuts, seeds, avocados, seafood, and olive and peanut oil.
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Limit Carbohydrates
Runners are notorious for carb-loading before a big race, but Nancy Clark, MS, RD, CSSD, author of Nancy Clark's Sports Nutrition Guidebook and owner of a private sports nutrition practice in Boston, warns against digging into a pan of lasagna.
"The biggest mistake people make is thinking they are carb loading when they are really fat loading," Clark said. Keep portion sizes reasonable or risk feeling weighed down. High-fat, hard-to-digest foods can also upset the digestive track.
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Limit Fiber
Although a heart-healthy diet includes high-fiber foods, too much fiber can trip up athletes. Consumed pre-event, high-fiber foods may cause loose stool or intestinal problems. Sumbal recommends that athletes avoid complex starchy foods and instead opt for whole, unprocessed foods such as oatmeal, raisins or peanut butter.
More: The Truth About Calories, Fat and Fiber
Limit Caffeine
Some research claims that small amounts of caffeine can improve performance. Black, however, encourages athletes to limit their intake because of its dehydrating effects. Avoid caffeine-fortified drinks, and limit energy drinks, which may contain but not list natural sources of caffeine. For comparison, nutritionists recommend consuming no more than 300 milligrams per day, which would be the equivalent of about seven and a half cola drinks.
More: 8 Hydrating Foods to Eat While Training
Avoid Alcohol
Over-indulging on booze will continue to impact the body's cells for about 72 hours. "If you have a hangover, that's how your cells feel three days later," Black says. The detrimental effects of alcohol include slowed reaction times, decreased performance and increased risk of injury such as muscle tears or heat stroke due to dehydration.The key for a healthy diet while training is to limit or avoid foods and ingredients that interfere with the body's nutritional and performance requirements. That's not to say athletes can't occasionally splurge on beer and pizza.
"If you eat well most of the time you don't have to worry about the rest of the time," Sumbal says. "It's OK to chow down on chocolate-chip pancakes with whipped cream as a treat after your hardest monthly bike ride or grab the occasional take-out pizza after a long run. But it's important not to make these choices habitual. Routinely choosing such post-training 'rewards' puts you in danger of missing out on key vitamins and minerals needed to support the metabolic processes required in training."
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